Applying the TNFD nature risk framework in real estate development

Nature plays an important role in how cities function. Real estate development often changes natural landscapes, which can affect biodiversity and ecosystems.

As environmental risks become more visible, organizations are asked to better understand how their decisions impact nature. This includes tracking how their activities depend on and affect natural systems like water, soil, and pollinators.

The TNFD, or Taskforce on Nature-related Financial Disclosures, is one of the main frameworks guiding this shift. It provides a structure for identifying and reporting nature-related risks and opportunities.

What is TNFD and why it matters in real estate

The Taskforce on Nature-related Financial Disclosures (TNFD) is a framework that helps companies track and report how they interact with nature. Similar to how the TCFD focuses on climate risks, the TNFD looks at nature-related risks.

The TNFD framework was developed to address a gap in how businesses understand their relationship with nature. It guides organizations to identify dependencies (what they need from nature) and impacts (how they affect nature).

For real estate companies, this matters because buildings and developments directly change landscapes. A new office complex might remove trees, alter water flow, or displace wildlife. These changes can create business risks like:

• Physical risks: Soil erosion or flooding due to removed vegetation
• Regulatory risks: New laws protecting certain habitats
• Market risks: Changing tenant preferences for greener buildings

The framework helps real estate professionals spot these nature risks early and report them clearly to investors and other stakeholders.

Understanding the four disclosure pillars for nature-related risks

The TNFD organizes nature-related reporting into four main categories or "pillars." These match the structure used in climate reporting, making it easier for companies already doing climate disclosures.

1. Governance of nature related risks

Governance covers who's in charge of nature-related issues in your company. For a real estate firm, this might mean:

• A sustainability committee that reviews biodiversity impacts
• A senior executive responsible for nature-related risks
• Regular board updates on nature dependencies

For example, a property management company might assign their Chief Sustainability Officer to oversee how their buildings affect local ecosystems.

2. Strategy for biodiversity and natural capital

Strategy looks at how nature fits into your business plans. This includes how you'll handle risks and opportunities related to biodiversity and natural capital.

Natural capital refers to the world's stock of natural resources - things like forests, water, and soil that provide benefits to people and businesses.

A real estate developer's strategy might include:

• Choosing building sites that avoid sensitive habitats
• Planning for green spaces that support local species
• Designing buildings that use less water

3. Risk management for ecosystems

This pillar focuses on how you identify and handle nature-related risks. For real estate, common risks include:

• Habitat destruction during construction
• Water pollution from runoff
• Exposure to new regulations protecting biodiversity

The TNFD recommends creating processes to spot these risks early and take steps to reduce them.

4. Metrics for nature and biodiversity

Metrics are the measurements you use to track your nature impacts. For real estate companies, useful metrics might include:

• Percentage of project area maintained as natural habitat
• Number of native plant species included in landscaping
• Water usage compared to local ecosystem needs

These numbers help track progress and show stakeholders how you're managing nature-related issues.

Key metrics for real estate projects:

• Governance: percentage of board meetings discussing nature, which shows leadership commitment
• Strategy: percentage of projects with biodiversity plans, which demonstrates forward planning
• Risk management: number of sites with ecosystem assessments, which indicates risk awareness
• Metrics: square meters of green roof installed, which measures positive action taken

How TNFD aligns with TCFD

Many real estate companies already use the Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures (TCFD) framework. The TNFD builds on this familiar structure but focuses on nature instead of climate.

Both frameworks share the same four pillars: Governance, Strategy, Risk Management, and Metrics & Targets. This makes it easier to add nature reporting to existing climate disclosure processes.

The main difference is in what you measure. While TCFD tracks greenhouse gases and energy use, TNFD looks at impacts on ecosystems, species, and natural resources.

For real estate companies, this means expanding current sustainability reports to include:

• How buildings affect local wildlife
• Water usage impacts on nearby watersheds
• Land use changes from development

This integrated approach helps create a more complete picture of environmental impacts.

Using TNFD to answer GRESB's biodiversity question

In 2025, GRESB added a new question, RM7, to its Real Estate Assessment. It asks whether you have a biodiversity plan and how that plan considers how your buildings depend on nature, how they affect nature, the nature-related risks you face, and the opportunities you have to improve. Before 2025, GRESB asked little about plants, animals, or ecosystems. RM7 is unscored for now. GRESB is collecting information to see what companies are doing, which makes this a low-risk year to build the habit.

The work you do under TNFD feeds this answer directly. Both frameworks share the same four pillars, so each piece of your TNFD reporting maps to a part of GRESB:

• Governance. If you have identified which executives oversee nature-related issues, that goes in GRESB's ESG oversight question (Q2.1).
• Strategy, risk management, and metrics. Your biodiversity strategy, the risks and opportunities you identified, and the measurements you track are what populate RM7.

RM7 is where most of your TNFD strategy information lands. It is where you explain how your company thinks about nature, what risks you have identified, and what you are doing about them. With GRESB's 2026 updates continuing to strengthen alignment with global frameworks, structuring your biodiversity strategy around TNFD now reduces reporting work later and keeps your disclosures consistent across obligations.

The LEAP method, step by step

TNFD created a process called LEAP to help organizations assess their relationship with nature. LEAP stands for Locate, Evaluate, Assess, and Prepare. Here is how to use it to produce a GRESB-ready answer.

1. Locate. Map your properties and the natural features around them. For each property, ask whether it sits near parks, rivers, or protected land, what plants and animals live in the area, and whether any threatened species or ecosystems are nearby. You do not need expensive software. The WWF Risk Filter gives location-specific biodiversity risk assessments, Google Earth shows nearby green spaces, and many cities publish biodiversity maps online.

2. Evaluate. Identify how each building depends on and affects nature. Dependencies might include trees that provide shade and lower cooling costs, green space that absorbs rainwater, and plants that filter air. Impacts might include land cleared for construction, landscaping pesticides that affect local insects, light pollution, and parking lot runoff. List these for each property. This is the core of your RM7 answer.

3. Assess. Look at the risks and opportunities these relationships create. Risks include physical ones like flooding or extreme heat when natural buffers are lost, regulatory changes on land use and biodiversity, shifting tenant preferences, and reputational exposure. Opportunities include green roofs that cut heating and cooling costs, beehives that support pollinators and engage tenants, native planting that lowers water use, and natural areas that draw tenants and lift property value.

4. Prepare. Organize the information for your GRESB response. For RM7, summarize your major dependencies and impacts, the biggest risks and opportunities, the actions you are taking, and how you measure progress. Keep it specific. "We identified that our downtown properties depend on urban tree canopy for cooling, and we are increasing tree coverage 15% by 2027" is stronger than "We care about biodiversity."

Metrics that populate your GRESB answer

GRESB does not prescribe which metrics you must track. What matters is showing systematic monitoring over time. Start with what you can count, then add detail as your program matures.

Biodiversity indicators

• Number of plant species on the property
• Presence of pollinator species like bees and butterflies
• Percentage of native plants in landscaping

Physical site metrics

• Square footage of green roof or biodiverse landscaping
• Percentage of permeable surfaces that absorb water
• Number of trees and their canopy coverage

Management practices

• Use of chemical pesticides and fertilizers
• Water consumption for landscaping
• Frequency of biodiversity monitoring

For data collection, annual site surveys, photos at regular intervals, tenant engagement participation records, and beehive monitoring data (if you run an urban beekeeping program) all work.

Steps to implement the TNFD framework in property development

Adding the TNFD framework to real estate projects doesn't have to be complicated. Here's a simple approach:

1. Preliminary nature risk assessment

Start by understanding how your project depends on and affects nature. This first step helps identify what's most important to focus on.

• Location matters: Assess what natural features exist on and around your site
• Resource connections: Identify what natural resources your building will use (water, materials, etc.)
• Impact pathways: Map out how construction and operation might affect nearby ecosystems

A simple assessment might reveal that your office development relies on local water sources and could impact a nearby stream that supports several bird species.

Tools like ENCORE can help identify these connections between your business and nature.

2. Integration into project design

Once you understand your nature connections, incorporate this knowledge into your project design.

Effective design elements might include:

• Green roofs that support pollinators
• Rain gardens that filter stormwater
• Native plant landscaping that provides habitat
• Permeable surfaces that allow water to reach soil

These features can address the nature risks identified in your assessment while creating more resilient buildings.

3. Ongoing monitoring and disclosure

After construction, keep track of how your property interacts with nature over time. This creates data for TNFD reporting and helps identify areas for improvement.

Simple monitoring might include:

• Regular biodiversity surveys
• Water quality testing in nearby waterways
• Tracking maintenance of green features

This information forms the basis of nature-related financial disclosures that investors and stakeholders increasingly expect.

Measuring biodiversity and nature impacts

Measuring biodiversity might sound technical, but with the right tools, it becomes actionable. Real estate projects can now rely on innovative solutions like the Nature Engine by Alvéole to collect and analyze biodiversity data across their portfolio. This nature intelligence platform is designed specifically for the built environment and supports Taskforce on Nature-related Financial Disclosures (TNFD) alignment by tracking key metrics related to ecological health, species richness, and ecosystem services.

Start with baseline data: what exists on your site before development. This creates a reference point for measuring changes. Simple methods include:

• Species inventories (plants, birds, insects)
• Habitat mapping (identifying ecosystem types)
• Water quality assessments

With tools like the Nature Engine, real estate teams can go further, using AI-generated biodiversity assessments, species trend reports, and risk exposure ratings, all backed by ecological science and aligned with ESG reporting standards like GRESB, LEED, and TNFD.

After development, repeat these measurements to track changes. The difference between before and after shows your project's impact.

Useful metrics for real estate projects include:

• Habitat metrics: Area of natural habitat maintained or created
• Species metrics: Number and diversity of plant and animal species
• Ecosystem service metrics: Water filtration capacity, carbon storage

These measurements help tell the story of how your development affects nature. They also provide concrete data for TNFD reporting.

Engaging tenants and communities for nature focused initiatives

Buildings don't exist in isolation - the people who use them can play a big role in supporting biodiversity. Engaging tenants and local communities creates better outcomes for nature.

Successful engagement programs in real estate include:

• Rooftop beekeeping installations that support pollinators
• Community gardens that grow native plants
• Educational signage explaining local ecosystems
• Volunteer days for habitat restoration

These activities create multiple benefits:

• Environmental benefits: More habitat and resources for local species
• Social benefits: Community connections and educational opportunities
• Reporting benefits: Concrete examples for TNFD disclosures

For example, an office building in Montreal installed beehives on its roof. The project engaged tenants through honey harvesting workshops while supporting local pollinator populations. The building owner included this initiative in their sustainability reporting, demonstrating their commitment to biodiversity.

Moving forward with nature risk strategies

The TNFD framework represents a shift in how real estate companies think about nature. Rather than seeing biodiversity as a compliance issue, it's increasingly viewed as a business consideration that affects value and risk.

This shift is happening alongside growing investor interest in nature-related risks. Just as climate disclosure has become standard practice, nature disclosure is following a similar path.

For real estate companies, getting ahead of this trend means:

• Better risk management: Identifying nature dependencies before they become problems
• Potential cost savings: Avoiding expensive retrofits or regulatory penalties
• Enhanced property value: Meeting growing market demand for sustainable buildings

Organizations like Alvéole help real estate companies implement practical biodiversity initiatives such as urban beekeeping. These partnerships make it easier to take meaningful action while gathering data for TNFD reporting.

As frameworks like TNFD become more widely adopted, nature-positive approaches to real estate will likely become the new normal.

Frequently asked questions about TNFD in real estate

What are the four realms of nature according to TNFD?

The TNFD framework organizes nature into four interconnected realms: Land, Ocean, Freshwater, and Atmosphere. Real estate projects typically have their most direct impacts on the Land and Freshwater realms through construction and water usage.

How does TNFD differ from other ESG reporting frameworks?

TNFD specifically focuses on nature-related risks and dependencies, while many ESG frameworks cover broader environmental issues. It provides detailed guidance on biodiversity impacts that are particularly relevant to the built environment.

When will TNFD reporting become mandatory for real estate companies?

Currently, TNFD reporting remains voluntary, but regulatory trends suggest nature-related disclosures may follow a similar path to climate disclosures, with increasing investor pressure leading to potential requirements in coming years.

How can small real estate companies approach TNFD reporting?

Smaller companies can start with simple assessments of how their properties impact local ecosystems and what natural resources they depend on. Even basic biodiversity initiatives like native landscaping can provide valuable data for initial TNFD-aligned reporting.

What specific biodiversity metrics should commercial buildings track for GRESB?

Track plant species count, percentage of native vegetation, green space area, pollinator presence, and pesticide reduction. These show how a property manages its relationship with nature.

When will GRESB begin scoring the biodiversity indicators?

GRESB introduced RM7 in 2025 as an exploratory, unscored question. No scoring timeline has been announced, but it is likely to become scored as industry reporting matures.

How can small properties implement TNFD recommendations cost-effectively?

Start by mapping nearby natural areas, replacing landscaping with native plants, reducing pesticide use, and engaging tenants through nature-focused events. These low-cost actions produce GRESB-ready data while delivering biodiversity benefits.